![]() Yield and fruit quality of strawberry is influenced by a number of factors like growing environment, soil condition and cultivars. Strawberry is one of the important fruit crop of temperate region, hence its cultivation is gaining popularity in Kashmir valley. The study confirmed that foliar nutrition requiring minimum amount of nutrients, water and labor is an effective strategy which could be applied routinely by orchardists to improve fruit quality of sapota grown under water-limiting conditions. Fruits provided with foliar nutrition also showed increased levels of essential mineral nutrients and health promoting phytochemicals compared to fruits from control and irrigated trees. Foliar application of mineral nutrients in the preharvest phase of fruit development was more effective, efficient and economical compared to conventional soil application of nutrients and irrigation for producing sapota fruits of superior quality. Results showed that the metabolomics approach is a valuable tool in distinguishing fruit quality characteristics of sapota grown under different water and nutrient regimes and Principal Component Analysis was effective in identification of key factors determining fruit quality. Metabolomics approach was employed to distinguish fruit quality characteristics and the data was subjected to Principal Component Analysis. The study was aimed at assessing the fruit quality of sapota (Manilkara achras L.,) grown under foliar nutrition, irrigation and water deficit stress. The present study is the first report demonstrating the occurrence of the phenomenon of reverse flow in sapota and describing how it influences the process of CT development in sapota. The study has provided confirmatory evidence for the movement of water away from fruit and established the occurrence of enhanced reverse flow in sapota during CT development. The concurrent loss of calcium from pulp along with the efflux of water gave rise to structural and compositional changes in the pulp resulting in the development of CT in sapota. The reverse movement of water from fruit to developing shoots contributed to a fall in seed total dehydrogenase (TDH) activity and a consequent reduction in the hydrolysis of starch in the mesocarp. Experiments with developing sapota fruits treated with radioactive tritiated water (1H3) established the movement of water away from fruit to the subtending shoot buds by the process of “reverse flow”. The principal aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the mode of water loss from fruit and to delineate the mechanism by which moisture loss influences corky tissue formation in sapota fruits. However, the exact process by which moisture is lost from fruit has not been determined yet. The reduction of seed viability was found associated with a loss of moisture from fruit leading to CT formation. Cricket ball is a physiological disorder caused by reduced seed viability during the early phase of fruit growth on the tree.
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